Africa Reparations Movement Preparatory Conference

In response to the First Pan-African Conference on Reparations held in Abuja, Nigeria in April 1993, the Labour MP Bernie Grant organizes the Birmingham Conference on Reparations, entitled 'What Do Reparations Mean?' Held on 11 December 1993, this conference leads to the establishment of the Africa Reparations Movement (ARM) UK under Grant's leadership as a strategic endeavour to respond to the calls made in the Abuja Proclamation (1993). The ARM will go onto organize events to raise awareness about reparations and demand the return of stolen African artifacts, but will cease its activities in 2000 following the death of Bernie Grant.